"The U.S. Constitution is remarkably stable. The world's first and oldest written national constitution, it has survived with little modification, facing only rare alteration by amendment or reinterpretation.State constitutions are much more fluid. The 144 different state constitutions ratified since 1776 have been amended thousands of times and are subject to relatively frequent judicial reinterpretation. Robinson Woodward-Burns argues that state constitutions' flexibility allows national constitutional and political stability. Using data sets and historical case studies of state and federal constitutional reform, he shows how the federal government has often relied on state constitutional change to manage or address difficult national constitutional controversies, including conflicts over the regulation of slavery, banking and taxation, women's suffrage, labor and welfare rights, voting and civil rights, and gender discrimination"-- Provided by publisher.